Uko kutagira umushahara fatizo bipyinagaza bikomeye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda

Hashize imyaka irindwi Itegeko N°66/2018 rigenga umurimo mu Rwanda riteganya ko hashyirwaho umushahara fatizo, ariko kugeza uyu munsi Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena uwo mushahara ntirirasohoka. Mu gihe impaka zikomeje kwibanda ku burenganzira bw'abakozi, impuguke mu bukungu zivuga ko kutagira umushahara fatizo na byo bishobora kuba biri gutwara ubukungu bw'u Rwanda amafaranga menshi mu buryo butagaragara.

Nkuko raporo ya BBC ibyerekana , mu Rwanda abakozi benshi bo mu nzego zikorera, cyane cyane abakora imirimo y'amaboko, bavuga ko bahembwa hagati ya 1,600 Frw na 3,000 Frw ku munsi. Aya mafaranga bavuga ko adahagije ngo umuntu abashe kubona ibiribwa, kwishyura ubukode, kwivuza, kwishyurira abana amashuri no kwizigamira.

Iyo abaturage badafite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amafaranga, ingaruka zigera ku bukungu bwose. Abaguzi bagura bike, amaduka n'inganda bikagurisha umusaruro muke, amafaranga azenguruka mu bukungu akagabanuka, ndetse na Leta ikabura igice cy'imisoro yari kubona binyuze mu bikorwa by'ubucuruzi.

Ibi ni bimwe mu byo raporo y’Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Murimo (ILO) rigaragaza. Mu bushakashatsi bwaryo, ILO ivuga ko umushahara fatizo ushobora kuba igikoresho gikomeye cyo guteza imbere umurimo unoze, kugabanya ubukene no kongera ubusumbane buke mu bukungu.

ILO isobanura ko iyo umushahara fatizo uteguwe neza, wongera ubushobozi bw'abakozi bahembwa make bwo kugura ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Kubera ko aba bakozi ari bo bakoresha igice kinini cy'ayo binjije mu buzima bwa buri munsi, amafaranga yabo ahita agaruka mu bucuruzi, bikongera ibikorwa by'ubukungu.

Uyu muryango utanga urugero rwa Brazil, aho kuzamura umushahara fatizo byafatanije na gahunda y’icyiswe ‘Bolsa Família’ mu kugabanya ubukene no kongera imbaraga z'ubukungu bw'igihugu.

Mu Bushinwa, kuzamura umushahara fatizo mu ntara zitandukanye byafashije kugabanya ubusumbane no kongera ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa imbere mu gihugu.

Mu Bwongereza, umushahara fatizo wongeye gushyirwaho mu myaka ya 1990 nyuma yo kuwukuraho, uza gufatwa nk'imwe muri politiki za Leta zatanze umusaruro. No muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, impaka nyinshi zishingira ku kuba umushahara fatizo ushobora kugabanya ubukene, kongera imisoro no kugabanya amafaranga Leta ikoresha mu gufasha abatishoboye.

Umuhanga mu bukungu, Prof. Rémi Bazillier wo muri Pantheon-Sorbonne University, na we ashimangira ko umushahara fatizo ari kimwe mu bikoresho bifasha kuzamura imibereho no kurwanya ubukene mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere.

Muri bushakashatsi bwe yise ‘Inyungu zo kugira umushahara fatizo’, avuga ko iyo abakozi badafite ububasha bwo kuganira ku mushahara, irushanwa ryo gushaka akazi rishobora gutuma bemera amafaranga make cyane, bikadindiza ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukoresha amafaranga no gukomeza kuzamura rubukungu.

INDI NKURU WASOMA : Abantu icyenda bahitanywe n’impanuka ikomeye

Prof. Bazillier anavuga ko ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko iyo umushahara fatizo ugenwe hashingiwe ku musaruro w'igihugu, akenshi udasenya isoko ry'umurimo nk'uko bamwe babivuga. Ahubwo ushobora gutuma ibigo bishora imari mu ikoranabuhanga, kuzamura umusaruro no kongera ireme ry'ibyo bikora aho gushingira inyungu ku guhemba make.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, Guverinoma y'u Rwanda ikomeza kugaragaza impungenge ku ishyirwaho ry'umushahara fatizo. Minisitiri w'Intebe, Dr. Nsengiyumva Justin, aherutse kuvuga ko gushyiraho umushahara fatizo bishobora gutuma bamwe mu bakoresha bagabanya umubare w'abakozi niba batabasha kongera ubushobozi bwo kubahemba.

Nk’ubu ubwo aheruka imbere y’inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe w’abadepite ,yagize ati: "Nitwongera umusaruro n'ibyo kongera umushahara bizikora." Yagaragaje ko icy'ingenzi ari ukuzamura umusaruro, kuko ari wo uzafasha imishahara kuzamuka mu buryo burambye.

Icyakora, ILO ivuga ko impungenge zo gutakaza imirimo ziba zishingiye ahanini ku gihe umushahara fatizo ushyizwe hejuru cyane utajyanye n'ubushobozi bw'ubukungu. Uyu muryango uvuga ko isesengura ryakozwe ku bushakashatsi 64 bwakorewe muri Amerika ryagaragaje ko umushahara fatizo akenshi ugira ingaruka nto cyane cyangwa nta ngaruka zifatika ugira ku rwego rw'akazi iyo ugenwe neza.

Abahanga bavuga ko ikibazo atari ukuba umushahara fatizo ugomba kubaho cyangwa kutabaho, ahubwo ko ugomba kugenwa hashingiwe ku musaruro w'ubukungu, ubushobozi bw'abakoresha n'imiterere y'isoko ry'umurimo.